China’s dominance in the critical minerals supply chain: Consequences and challenges

FNI Policy Brief 1/2025. Lysaker, Fridtjof Nansen Institute,  January 2025, 3 p.

Key points:

  • China’s long-term policies have given it a dominant position in the mineral supply chain.
     
  • Reducing dependency on China creates challenges for the green transition and risks for Norway’s defense industry.
     
  • Mineral resource planning in China is becoming less transparent.
     
  • The US and EU have implemented strategies to reduce dependence on China.
     
  • China is willing to impose tit-for-tat export controls, it stockpiles mineral reserves and is diversifying its supply.
     
  • China enhances domestic production by reducing waste and implementing new technologies.

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