Andreas Raspotnik and Andreas Østhagen EUobserver, September 14, 2026. Associated research areasArctic and Ocean PoliticsLinksAndreas Raspotnik and Andreas Østhagen of the Fridtjof Nansen Institute argue that the EU needs formal mechanisms to include close non-member partners such as Norway, Iceland and the UK in Arctic security and cooperation, rather than treating them simply as countries outside the Union.
