The chapter looks into what biodiversity is, why it matters, and how global institutions are seeking to address and remedy the loss of biodiversity. It also gives a short introduction to how genetic resources are transformed into an object of property and how benefit sharing from the utilisation of them can contribute to biodiversity-conservation. The chapter focuses on and describes the contents, negotiations and ongoing politics and conflicts relating to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) as the core institution in biodiversity governance. Major results from research on the issue area as discussed and the chapter winds up with a presentation of the outlook for future developments in international responses to biodiversity loss.