This chapter discusses the experiences and impact of the Seeds of Survival project in the district of Douentza in Mali. The achievements with regard to the local farmers’ livelihoods and the maintenance of agricultural biodiversity and related challenges are analysed. The views and experiences of the participating farmers are central in this context. In addition, lessons for other counties are offered. The chapter shows how farmer empowerment and capacity building can contribute to the realization of Farmers’ Rights and illustrates the benefits farmer-scientist cooperation can bring.