The Convention on Biologcal Diversity (CBD) recognises that both access to and transfer of technologies are essential for the attainment of its objectives. This report explores a number of issues related to technology transfer with a particular focus on India asking questions on: typologies, actors, and institutions, perceptions and mechanisms. The report explores these issues for herbal medicine development and the use of medicinal plants particularly those based on the ancient written Ayurvedic medicinal system.