This chapter offers a conceptual framework for understanding Farmers’Rights and what they can mean in practice. It outlines why Farmers' Rights are important, explains how they are recognized in the Plant Treaty, presents the background for the concept of Farmers' Rights and the four elements of Farmers' Rights it can be said to contain based on Article 9 in the Plant Treaty. These elements are Farmers' Rights related to farm-saved seed, to the protection of traditional knowledge, to equitable benefit sharing and to participate in decision-making.